Cordless power supply

ABSTRACT

A cordless power supply comprising a battery, a power conversion unit, a first standard coupling half permanently affixed to the power conversion unit and a second standard coupling half which reciprocally mates with the first standard coupling half is disclosed and claimed. The second standard coupling half includes a first interengaging half and a second interengaging half. The first interengaging half being standardly engageable with the first standard coupling half permanently affixed to the power conversion unit. The second interengaging half is interengageable with a specific battery. The battery may be a dual use cordless tool battery or an original equipment battery. Alternatively, a cordless power supply comprising an interchangeable adapter may be mounted on the power conversion unit for interconnection with a plurality of batteries. Alternatively, a cordless power supply comprising an adapter integral with the power conversion unit may be used with a specific battery type.

RELATED APPLICATIONS, PRIORITY CLAIMS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Design Patent Application Ser. No. 29/266,852 filed Sep. 29, 2006,Design patent application Ser. No. 29/280,875 filed Jun. 8, 2007, U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/672,853 filed Feb. 8, 2007, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/672,957 filed Feb. 8, 2007, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/673,551, filed Feb. 9, 2007, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/851,504, filed Sep. 7, 2007, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 60/848,148 filed Sep. 29, 2006, U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/857,079 filed Nov. 6, 2006,U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/855,958 filed Nov. 1,2006, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/911,564 filedApr. 13, 2007 are related to the instant application.

The instant application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/848,148 filed Sep. 29, 2006 and the entiresubject matter set forth therein is incorporated herein by reference.The instant application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/672,853 filed Feb. 8, 2007 and the entire subject matter setforth therein is incorporated herein by reference. U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/672,853 filed Feb. 8, 2007 claims priority toU.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/771,771 filed Feb. 9,2006 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/781,959 filedMar. 12, 2006.

The instant application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/672,853 filed Feb. 8, 2007.

All of the applications identified above have the inventor, Karl F.Scheucher, the inventor of the instant application, herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention is in the field of rechargeable high capacity cordlesspower supplies.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

No known power supply comprises a cordless power supply which can beused for a variety of cordless power needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The cordless power supply of the instant invention includes removablebatteries which are removably attached to a power conversion unit. Thepower conversion unit in turn comprises the functions of converting theinput power from the removable battery into one or more widely usedtypes of output power including but not limited to AC line power, 12 or24 volt automotive level DC power, and 5-volt logic level DC power suchas that supplied by the Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors ubiquitouson personal computers and peripherals. The cordless power supply may be:used to power an electric hedge trimming device; used for extended runtime or recharging with a laptop or other computer used in the field forresearch; used to power an electric drill; used to power an electricblender; and, used to power just about any electrically powered device.The cordless power supply uses rechargeable batteries.

The cordless power supply of the instant invention comprises a battery,a power conversion unit, and a tool side connection permanently orremovably connected to the power conversion unit, said tool sideconnection functioning to mechanically and electrically inter-mate withthe aforesaid battery. The term—power conversion unit—includes a DC toAC inverter, a DC to DC converter and an AC to DC converter as set forthin U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/672,853 filed Feb. 8, 2007 andwhich disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety thesame as being rewritten herein. The terminology—tool side connection—isused to explain use of fittings which mate both electrically andmechanically with batteries having corresponding battery sideconnections. The batteries used in the invention may be rechargeabletool batteries which are made by a plurality of manufacturers or anyother power source as set forth in U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/672,853 filed Feb. 8, 2007 and which disclosure is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety the same as being rewritten herein.The batteries may also be original equipment batteries made specificallyfor use with and comprising part of the instant invention. The powerconversion units used in the invention may be products made by aplurality of manufacturers which are then modified to include theaforementioned tool side connection. The power conversion units may alsobe original equipment units made specifically for use with andcomprising part of the instant invention. The invention includes threeways for implementing the tool side connection to the power conversionunit. The three ways include: (1) permanent mounting or integral moldingof the tool side connection to the power conversion unit; (2) one-piecefield changeable mounting of the tool side connection to the powerconversion unit; and, (3) a quick-changeable mounting of the tool sideconnection to the power conversion unit using a first standard couplinghalf mounted to the power conversion unit along with a second couplinghalf/tool side connection (an adapter, i.e., a quick changeableconnection). Once an appropriate tool side connection is enabled to thepower conversion unit, any battery of the corresponding type having thecorresponding battery side connection may be quickly attached andquickly detached. These modes will be described further in detail below.

The invention comprises a power conversion unit to be powered from anautomotive, motorcycle, boat, or other type of vehicle having a DC basedelectrical system. Power may be derived from one or more 12V automotiveaccessory sockets (cigarette lighter style) or directly from the batteryterminals of a given vehicle using a vehicle power adapter which is partof the instant invention. The adapter comprises a quick disconnectvehicle side connector appropriate to inter-mate with the vehicle powersource, a quick disconnect battery side connector module thatinter-mates with the tool side connector of the power conversion unit,and an electrical cable interconnecting the vehicle side and batteryside connections.

Typically, automobile power outlets including the cigarette lighters onthe dash are current limited, typically supplying a maximum of 10 to 15amps at 12 volts or power levels of approximately 100 to 180 watts. Thismay be less than the power input required by the power conversion unitto produce its maximum power output. For example, the power conversionunit may have a maximum power output of 400 watts. Further the powerconversion unit may operate with conversion efficiency in the 80% to 90%range. Thus the power input required to produce the 400 watt outputlevel is in the range of 444 to 500 watts. This input power level willrequire DC currents from a 12 volt automobile system on the order of 37to 42 amps, much higher current levels than can be supplied by a singleautomotive accessory, cigarette style power outlet typically The instantinvention addresses this problem in several ways. First, the inventionprovides for the power conversion unit to be connected directly to thevehicle's battery by relatively short, robust clips and wire connectionscapable of carrying the large currents just mentioned. Secondly, theinvention allows a version of the power conversion unit having multiplepower inputs, also part of the instant invention, to be simultaneouslyconnected to multiple cigarette style power outlets. The powerconversion unit will then use as much current or power as is readilyavailable from each outlet achieving a total input power which is thesum of the available, individual input powers. The power conversion unitmay determine how much power is available from a given input source bymonitoring the voltage of the source. As more current is drawn from agiven source, the source voltage will tend to drop because of thesource's inherent resistance. The power conversion unit may operate in away to draw current from a given source only to the degree that thesource voltage remains above some lower threshold voltage limit. This iscalled the minimum source voltage current limiting algorithm in thepresent invention. Alternatively, the instant invention considersproviding circuitry in the aforementioned vehicle power adapter thatwill serve to limit the current provided via said adapter to somepre-defined maximum level, for example, 10 amps. Such circuitry may beconveniently housed in the battery side connection housing of thevehicle power adapter or elsewhere. This is called the vehicle adaptercurrent limiting circuit in the instant invention. By applying theminimum source voltage current limiting algorithm, using the vehicleadapter current limiting circuit, or using both in combination, thecurrent drawn from any single vehicle source may be effectively limitedto a level that precludes damage to said source. This in turn allowsmultiple sources as described above to be used in parallel, each to itsrespective current limit, to derive a power level that is the maximumavailable from the given sources. The opportunity to exploit this aspectof the present invention to great utility is readily available sincemany contemporary vehicles are manufactured with two or morecurrent-limited, accessory power outlets.

Another example of the invention includes a tool side connectiondirectly mounted to the power conversion unit which interengages aspecific battery manufactured by a cordless tool company.

Accordingly it is an object of the instant invention to provide acordless power supply.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cordlesspower supply which is portable.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cordlesspower supply which employs one or more dual use cordless batteries.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cordlesspower supply which employs commercially available batteries from manydifferent manufacturers.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cordlesspower supply which can supply power to a battery charger for recharginga battery effectively transferring energy from one battery to another.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cordlesspower supply which can use input power from a cordless tool battery, anautomotive or other vehicle born battery, or another battery type, canprovide power to a cordless tool battery charger, vehicle batterycharger or other battery charger type, and can thusly transfer energyfrom the input battery type to the battery affixed to the batterycharger being powered.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a vehicle poweradapter which allows one or more sources of vehicle power to be used topower the power conversion unit of the portable power supply.

It is a further object of the invention that the vehicle power adapterhave a quick disconnect vehicle side connector for interfacing with thevehicle power sockets or battery directly, a quick disconnect batteryside connector module for interfacing to the tool side connector of thepower conversion unit, and a cable to convey electrical energy from thevehicle side connector to the battery side connector.

It is a further object of the invention that circuitry may be includedin the vehicle power adapter to condition and regulate the electricalpower flowing from the vehicle to the power conversion unit.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a tool sideconnector permanently affixed to the power conversion unit (permanenttool side connector) such that the power conversion unit of the cordlesspower supply can readily accept the battery type having thecorresponding battery side connection. In this way, only one batterytype is useable and the power conversion unit need be adaptable only tothat battery type.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a one-piecefield changeable tool side connector affixed to the power conversionunit by external fasteners such as machine screws, said screws beingarranged in one of several standardized, common geometric patterns, saidscrews functioning to retain the connector to the power conversion unit,said screws also functioning as electrical conducting elements betweenthe tool side connector contacts and the power input circuitry internalto the power conversion unit thus serving to carry input current fromthe battery through the tool side connector to the input of the powerconversion unit circuits.

It is a further object of the present invention, using the one-piecefield changeable tool side connector just described, to allow fieldinterchange of a first tool side connector type for a second type, saidinterchange accomplished by simply removing the screw fastenersretaining the first connector and replacing the first connector typewith a second connector type, then replacing the screws to retain thesecond connector and to make electrical connection between the secondconnector type and the power conversion unit.

It is a further object of the present invention to include differenttypes of power conversion units each using a one-piece field changeabletool side connector, a first type of power conversion unit having arange of input and output characteristics different from yet possiblyoverlapping a second type of power conversion unit such that the firsttype power conversion unit may be compatible with a number of differentbattery types but possibly not every battery type with which the secondtype of power conversion unit is compatible.

It is a further object of the present invention to make a first typepower conversion unit with a geometric screw pattern for receivingvarious one-piece field changeable tool side connectors and to make thevarious one-piece field changeable tool side connectors for each batterytype compatible with the first type power conversion unit. The one-piecefield changeable connectors associated with battery types not compatiblewith the first type power conversion unit will have a geometric screwpattern which does not allow its mounting upon the particular powerconversion unit.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a two-piecequick changeable tool side connector system comprising a first couplinghalf having a standardized geometric screw pattern for connecting saidfirst half both mechanically and electrically to a power conversionunit, and comprising a second coupling half having a tool side connectorintermating only with a particular battery type, first and secondcoupling halves themselves interfacing one another in a quick disconnectfashion such that ultimate mechanical and electrical connection isestablished between the power conversion unit and the battery throughthe two coupling halves of the two-piece quick changeable tool sideconnector.

It is a further object of the present invention, using the two-piecequick changeable tool side connector just described, to allow a thesecond coupling half of said connector to be quickly and convenientlyexchanged for a different second coupling half to the effect that thepower conversion unit may be quickly and conveniently adapted todifferent compatible batteries compatible with respective secondcoupling halves.

It is a further object of the present invention to make a first typepower conversion unit with a geometric screw pattern for receiving afirst coupling half of a two-piece quick changeable tool side connectorand to make the various second coupling halves of the two-piece quickchangeable tool side connector for each battery type, said secondcoupling half being compatible with the first coupling half which iscompatible with the first type power conversion unit. The secondcoupling halves intermatable with battery types not compatible with thefirst type power conversion unit will have a quick disconnect interfacesnot compatible with the first coupling half and will therefore not allowthe second coupling half or the battery with which it intermates to beconnected to the first coupling half of the particular power conversionunit which is not compatible with said battery.

These and other objects of the invention will be best understood whenreference is made to the Brief Description Of The Drawings and theDescription Of The Invention below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a power conversion unit and a cordless toolbattery coupled together shown supplying AC power to a radio/tapeplayer/compact disc player.

FIG. 1A is an illustration similar to FIG. 1 shown with a powerconversion unit and a cordless tool battery supplying power to acordless tool battery charger charging a second cordless tool battery.

FIG. 1B is an illustration similar to FIG. 1 with two cordless toolbatteries are shown affixed to a power conversion unit.

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a power conversion unit with two cordlesstool batteries coupled thereto shown supplying a laptop computer with ACpower.

FIG. 2A is an illustration of a cordless power supply comprising a powerconversion unit with a cordless tool battery coupled thereto.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of a cordless power supply similar to FIG. 2shown supplying 12 volt DC electric power to a cell phone and providingAC power to a laptop computer.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of an automobile battery supplying power via adirectly connected vehicle adapter to a power conversion unit which inturn applies AC power to a cordless tool battery charger charging acordless tool battery.

FIG. 4A is an illustration of an automobile battery supplying power viaa current limited accessory power outlet to a vehicle adapter connectedto a power conversion unit which in turn supplies AC power to a cordlesstool battery charger charging a cordless tool battery.

FIG. 5 is an illustration similar to FIG. 4A except that power issupplied via two vehicle accessory power outlets in parallel thusincreasing the input power available to the power conversion unit andtherefore available to the cordless tool battery charger.

FIG. 6 is an illustration similar to FIG. 5 with an additional load ofan IPOD, a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., being driven bythe 5V USB power output of the power supply.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a power conversion unit with a one-piecefield changeable tool side coupling (tool side connection) mountedthereto.

FIG. 7A is a schematic illustration of the method by which a machinescrew accomplishes both mechanical and electrical connection between theone-piece field changeable tool side connector and its electricalcontact and the power conversion unit and the wire leading to itselectrical input.

FIG. 7B is an exploded illustration similar to FIG. 7 illustrating abattery ready to be coupled to a one-piece field changeable tool sideconnector affixed and adapted to a power conversion unit.

FIG. 7C is an exploded illustration showing a one-piece field changeabletool side connector being affixed to a power conversion unit via machinescrews arranged in a standardized geometric pattern.

FIG. 7D is a view similar to FIG. 7B illustrating a second type ofone-piece field changeable tool side connector affixed to a powerconversion unit allowing a second type of battery to be used.

FIG. 7E is an exploded illustration similar to FIG. 7B illustrating asecond style battery ready to be coupled to a one-piece field changeabletool side connector adapted and mounted to the power conversion unit setforth in FIG. 7D.

FIG. 7F is an exploded illustration showing the second type one-piecefield changeable tool side connector being affixed to a power conversionunit via machine screws arranged in a second standardized geometricpattern.

FIG. 7G is an illustration of a first standard coupling half of atwo-piece quick changeable tool side connector affixed to a powerconversion unit.

FIG. 7H is a schematic diagram of a first standard coupling half of atwo-piece quick changeable tool side connector system affixed to a powerconversion unit, a second standard coupling half of the aforementionedconnector system affixed to or integral with an adaptation of a toolside connection, and a battery side connection of a cordless toolbattery such that the battery may be mated via its battery sideconnection to the tool side connection of the second coupling half whichin turn may be mated via its two-piece quick changeable connector systemsecond coupling connection to the corresponding connection of the firstcoupling half of said connector system.

FIG. 7I is a cross-sectional illustration of a two-piece quickchangeable tool side connector system showing the second standardcoupling half affixed to the first standard coupling half; the firststandard coupling half affixed both mechanically and electrically viamachine screws in a standard geometric pattern to a power conversionunit. Additionally, the tool side connection is illustrated as beingintegral with the second standard coupling half.

FIG. 7J is an exploded illustration of a first standard coupling half ofa two-piece quick changeable tool side connector system affixed to apower conversion unit, the second standard coupling half of saidconnector system shown integral with a tool side connection, and abattery shown with battery connection side not visible shown positionedfor engagement with the tool side connection.

FIG. 7K is an exploded illustration similar to the view depicted in FIG.7J viewed from another side of the invention.

FIG. 7L is an illustration of a permanent tool side connector integrallycombined with the housing of a power conversion unit.

FIG. 7M is a cross-sectional illustration of the permanent tool sideconnector and power converter unit housing shown previously in FIG. 7L.

FIG. 7N is a schematic diagram of field changeable tool side connectorshowing optional electrical adapting circuits.

FIG. 7P is a schematic diagram of first and second standard couplinghalves showing optional electrical adapting circuits.

FIG. 8 is an illustration of a vehicle power adapter with vehicle sideconnection implemented via quick connect clips which may be connecteddirectly to the vehicle battery, and with a battery side connectionmodule connected to the vehicle side connector by an electrical cable.

FIG. 8A is an illustration similar to FIG. 8 showing a vehicle sideconnection of the type to interface with a 12 volt accessory powersocket of the cigarette lighter type.

FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram of battery side connector of vehiclepower adapter showing optional electrical adapting circuits.

FIG. 9 is an illustration of the environment of one of the cordlesspower supplies mounted to a mast for powering a wireless network radioalso attached to said mast.

The drawings will be better understood when reference is made to theDescription of the Invention and Claims which follow hereinbelow.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is an illustration 100 of a power conversion unit 101 and acordless tool battery 102 coupled together shown supplying AC power byway of a power cord 104 to a radio/tape player/compact disc player 103.Reference numeral 108 signifies the attachment of the battery 102 to thepower conversion unit as is set forth in detail below. Power switch 105enables power to the alternating current outlet 106, the 12 volt directcurrent outlet 107 and the 5 volt USB connections 109. Handle 111facilitates movement of the cordless power supply. The batteriesillustrated in FIGS. 1, 1A and 1B are high-powered cordless toolbatteries manufactured by Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation ofBrookfield, Wis. These higher powered cordless tool batteries are usefulin the cordless power supply invention because they operate in anappropriate voltage range, have sufficiently high current capabilities,store a relatively large amount of energy, are relatively light weightand rugged, and are readily available. Further, many users who stand tobenefit from the cordless power supply invention described herein mayalready own other cordless tools and therefore have in their possessionscordless tool batteries and a cordless tool battery charger which may bere-used with the cordless power supply. One type of cordless toolbattery supplied by the aforementioned Milwaukee Electric ToolCorporation battery has a nominal operating voltage of 26 volts and cansupply 10 to 20 amps continuously (250 to 500 watts), weighs only a fewpounds and stores approximately 70 watt-hours of energy.

The cordless power supply includes a power conversion unit which is a DCto AC inverter and/or a DC to DC converter. The battery is in thevoltage range of 3.75 VDC to a multiple “n” times 3.75 VDC and withinthe range of typical cordless tool batteries. The cordless power supplycomprises a plurality of batteries and a power conversion unit or aplurality of batteries and a plurality of power conversion units.

Any batteries are shown in this patent application by way of exampleonly and they may comprise cordless tool batteries of all chemicaltypes, all sizes, and all capacities imaginable. For instance, thebatteries may be Lithium Ion (Li-Ion), Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH), alead acid battery, a Li-polymer battery, or an Alkaline battery.Further, any voltage and capacity battery may be applicable since thepower conversion units may be manufactured to selectively accept onlythose batteries that are compatible therein.

In one instance, the power conversion unit as illustrated in FIG. 1 maybe provisioned only to convert battery input DC power into line voltageAC power, not providing the automotive DC or USB DC power conversionsand outputs. In the simplified, DC to AC inverter only case, the powerinversion function may be similar to the functions of commerciallyavailable power inverters such as those manufactured by KingsonElectronics Co., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan or by Power Bright Ltd., Montreal,Quebec, Canada. These and other manufacturers may produce various powerconversion products which may be readily adapted with an adaptiveinterface (an element of the present patent application describedherein) to operate in a cordless fashion with various batteries asdescribed throughout this application. FIG. 1A is an illustration 100Asimilar to FIG. 1 shown with a power conversion unit 101 and a cordlesstool battery 102 driving a cordless tool battery charger 171. Thecordless tool battery charger is interconnected to the cordless powersupply by power cord 170. This arrangement permits the sharing of energybetween batteries 102 in, for instance, a military application enablingtwo soldiers, one having a fully charged battery, one having a fullydischarged battery for example, to share power in the field to supply avariety of devices. Alternatively, battery charger 171 could be of thetype readily available intended to charge vehicle batteries such as anautomotive battery charger. In that case the cordless power supplyallows the user to use a cordless tool battery 102 to charge a carbattery which may be very useful in the event of recovering from a deadvehicle battery in the field.

FIG. 1B is an illustration 100B similar to FIGS. 1 and 1A with twocordless tool batteries 102, 102A shown affixed to a power conversionunit 101A. This arrangement has the benefit of increasing the availableinput power for operating at higher output currents and the availableinput energy for operating for longer periods of time.

FIG. 2 is an illustration 200 of a power conversion unit 201 with twocordless tool batteries 202, 202A coupled thereto shown supplying (via apower cord) a laptop computer 210. The batteries 202, 202A illustratedin FIG. 2 are manufactured by MAKITA CORPORATION of AICHI-KEN, JAPAN.Makita is believed to be a registered trademark of MAKITA CORPORATION ofAICHI-KEN, JAPAN. Reference numeral 202L is used to designate thelocking device of the Makita batteries 202, 202A which mate with a toolside connector for affixation to the power conversion module 201. Thistype of cordless tool battery supplied by Makita has a nominal operatingvoltage of 18 volts and can supply 10 amps continuously (180 watts),weighs only a pound and a half and stores approximately 40 watt-hours ofenergy. Attachment of the Makita batteries to the power conversion unitis generally denoted by reference numeral 208. The attachment involvesinteraction of various surfaces of the Makita battery with a tool sideconnection which in turn is affixed to the power conversion unit by oneof three modes described below. Reference numeral 205 is used toindicate the power switch which enables power to alternating currentoutlet 206, automotive direct current outlet 207 and/or the directcurrent USB outlet 209. Handle 211 facilitates movement of the cordlesspower supply.

FIG. 2A is an illustration 200A of cordless power supply comprising apower conversion unit 201 with a single cordless tool battery 202coupled thereto. FIG. 2A depicts a cordless power supply having a singlecordless tool battery 202 as compared to FIG. 2 which illustrates acordless power supply which includes two batteries.

FIG. 3 is an illustration 300 similar to FIG. 2 shown supplying electricpower to a cell phone 302 and a laptop computer 210. Power cord 301interconnects the cordless power supply's 12 volt DC output to the cellphone 302.

FIG. 4 is an illustration 400 of an automobile battery 401 supplyingpower to a power conversion unit 407 via a vehicle power adaptercomprising battery side connector 408 and vehicle side connectors 430and 431 connected together by cable 406. Power conversion unit 407 thenprovides AC power to cordless tool battery charger 410 thus chargingcordless tool battery 411. The clamps contacts 430, 431 of the vehicleside connector of the vehicle power adapter are of the spring-loadedtype for gripping the terminals of the battery 405, 404 or for grippingthe unnumbered clamps of the battery cables 402, 403. Battery cables402, 403 are illustrated as in electrical communication with terminals405, 404, respectively. The version of vehicle power adapter used inFIG. 4 is depicted individually in FIG. 8.

FIG. 4A is an illustration 400A of an automobile battery 401 supplyingcurrent-limited vehicle accessory power outlets (receptacle) 422B and422A on the dash 420 of an automobile. Accessory power outlet 422Bsources power to the vehicle side connector (not numbered but shown inFIG. 8A as number 802) of a vehicle power adapter. As in FIG. 4, thepower conversion unit converts the supplied vehicle power into an ACpower source to power cordless tool battery charger 410 by cableconnection 409. The charger in turn charges cordless tool battery 410.Since the input power from a given vehicle power accessory outlet may belimiting, the cordless power supply may correspondingly limit themaximum power it will draw from the power accessory outlet of thevehicle by one of several mechanisms. First, the power conversion unitmay monitor its input voltage and constrain its current consumption tomaintain said input voltage above some minimum voltage threshold. Thiswas described above as the minimum source voltage current limitingalgorithm Alternatively, circuitry may be configured and reside withinthe vehicle power adapter to both condition vehicle power in waysincluding stepping up or stepping down the vehicle voltage, and to limitthe maximum current and/or power provided from the vehicle system to thepower conversion unit. This was described as the vehicle adapter currentlimiting circuit above.

Still referring to FIG. 4A, the positive terminal of the battery 401 isinterconnected by conductor 423 with a current-limiting devices within440 which limits the current to mandatory maximum values on conductors441, 442 which supply outlet receptacles 422A, 422B, respectively,located on the dashboard or elsewhere in an automobile, militaryvehicle, boat, motorcycle, off-road vehicle, or any other vehicle type.It is noteworthy that different vehicle types may have differentcharacteristic voltage electrical systems and may have power accessoryoutlets with widely varying current sourcing abilities. For example,conventional automobiles typically have a 12 volt system and one or moreaccessory power outlets capable or sourcing 10 amps. Military vehiclestypically have 24 volt electrical systems and may have power accessoryoutlets capable of sourcing 100 amps or more. The current-limitingdevice employed in any given vehicle type and any given circuit may be aresettable device or it may be a one time fuse. The current limiters maybe solid-state circuit breaker, a relay-based breaker, fuse, etc. It isan objective of the invention to accommodate this wide range ofelectrical characteristics across different vehicle types by providingappropriate power conditioning circuitry in the vehicle power adapterand by incorporating appropriate circuitry and algorithms in the controlsection of the power conversion units. Reference numeral 433 denotes theground or common of the overall vehicle electrical system.

FIG. 5 is an illustration 500 similar to FIG. 4A showing that multiplevehicle accessory power outlets may be simultaneously called upon toprovide power to the power conversion unit, thus increasing the totalinput power available. In this case, two vehicle power accessory outlets422A and 422B provide power via respective vehicle power adapters havingcables 421A and 421 and battery side connector modules 502 and 503 topower conversion unit 501. If, for example, power accessory outlet 422Ais limited to 10 amps and power accessory outlet 422B is limited to 15amps, using the two in combination makes up to 25 amps available to theinput of the power conversion unit. The aforementioned circuitry andalgorithms of the vehicle adapter modules and the power conversion unitfunction to assure that 10 amps and 15 amps maximum respectively aredrawn from the respective accessory outlets at any time.

FIG. 6 is an illustration 600 similar to FIG. 5 with an additional loadof an IPOD 610 (a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.) beingdriven by the power supply's 5 volt USB output via electrical conductor604.

FIG. 7 is an illustration 700 of a power conversion unit 201 with aone-piece field changeable tool side connector 701 adapted and mountedthereto. The tool side connector 701 is essentially the functionalequivalent of a tool-side connection found on a portable tool such as atool sold by Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation, Ryobi, Dewalt, Makita,Rigid or any other cordless tool manufacturer. As such, the tool sideconnection allows intermating of the respective batteries sold by theaforementioned manufacturers with the power conversion unit of thepresent cordless power supply invention. As shown in FIG. 7, theone-piece field changeable tool side connector 701 is mounted to thepower conversion unit by screws. The screws serve to provide bothmechanical and electrical connections between the connector and thepower conversion unit. A depression 761 has been adapted for the receiptof the locking member 202L as illustrated in other drawing figures andas mentioned above. The locking member has been redrawn in FIG. 7B andis denoted with reference numeral 706A. The Makita battery is denoted byreference numeral 706 and as shown represents a Lithium Ion battery.

Referring to FIG. 7 again, reference numeral 701A is considered aplatform connected by unnumbered screws to the metal housing of powerconversion unit 201. The tool side connection includes electricalconducts 721, 722 which are adapted in each type of tool side connectionto mate with conductors for the particular type of standard cordlesstool battery manufactured by the numerous manufacturers identified aboveand others. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7 the tool sideconnection has been designed to mate with an 18 volt direct currentMakita battery illustrated in FIG. 7B. Tool side connection 701 includessurfaces 701B which interengage and restrain the movement of the Makitabattery 706 when coupled or engaged with the tool side connection halfThese features of the tool side connection 701 in combination with theplatform 701A constitute a one-piece field changeable tool sideconnector whereby a known Makita Lithium Ion cordless tool battery canbe used to power a power conversion unit 201 which in turn suppliesdirect and/or alternating current outputs.

FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view demonstrating the electrical andmechanical attachment of a particular one-piece field changeable toolside connector 701 with a power conversion unit 201. Those skilled inthe art will readily recognize that there are many alternative ways toroute the energy into the power conversion unit without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the claims as set forth below In the examplerouting of FIG. 7A, tool side connector contact 721 is retained in theinsulating body material of the tool side connector 701A. Wire conductor723 electrically connects 721 to conductive washer 726. Electricallyconductive machine screw or bolt 725 contacts washer 726 and passesthrough the hole in insulating boss 727, through the aperture 727A inpower conversion unit housing 201, and through the hole in boss 729 ofinsulating bushing 728 to engage electrically conductive nut 730. Theaforementioned bosses serve to insulate conducting screw 725 fromhousing 201. Wire conductor 731 is attached to nut 730 with the neteffect of transmitting power from connector contact 721 to the powerinput terminal of the power conversion unit (not shown). These featuresrepresent one of two such interfaces provided for each of the positiveand negative contacts of the tool side connector. Importantly, bushing728 is captive in housing 201, and nut 730 is captive in bushing 728 sothat machine screw 725 may be removed or installed without needingaccess to the inside of power conversion unit 201. Further, the aperture727A through housing 201 will have a typical “D” shape as will theengaging surfaces of bosses 727 and 729 so that the bosses inserted inthe housing aperture will be immune to rotation. The recess in bushing728 into which nut 730 seats will have a hexagonal shape so as to resistrotation of nut 730. The mechanism by which bushing 728 and nut 730 areheld captive respectively may be one of any appropriate mechanisms suchas press fit, ultrasonic welding, use of adhesive or bonding agents,etc. An insulating cover 724 is applied to cover the head of conductingscrew 725 so that contact with outside materials that could result inshort circuits are averted. As mentioned above, at least two of thescrews mounting the one-piece field changeable tool side connector willbe configured as in FIG. 7A so that the positive and negative contactsrequired are achieved. The other screws beyond the two initialconducting screws may be simple mechanical connections only or mayprovide redundant electrical connections implemented just as in 700A toaugment the current carrying capability of the tool side connector topower conversion unit interface. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 7B, the formersituation where two of the screws serve as conductors (one underinsulating cap 724 and the other not shown) and two additional screwsserve as mechanical connections only (both screws not numbered having noinsulating caps depicted) is depicted.

FIG. 7B is an exploded illustration 700B similar to FIG. 7 illustratinga Makita battery 706 ready to be coupled to a corresponding one-piecefield changeable tool side connector 701 affixed and adapted to powerconversion unit 201. When battery 706 is installed the contacts withinits battery side connector will interengage tool side connector contacts721 and 722. The battery locking mechanism 706A will interengage batteryretention feature 761 of the tool side connector.

FIG. 7C is an exploded illustration 700C of a power conversion unit 201and battery 706 indicating the adaptation of a one-piece fieldchangeable tool side connector 701 to power conversion unit 201.Platform 701 of the tool side connector is presented in this view alongwith two unnumbered threaded screws which mechanically connect theplatform to the power conversion unit housing. Also, a section of theinterior of the power conversion unit 201 is illustrated showing furtherthe example of FIG. 7A of the routing of the electrical energy into theinterior of the power conversion unit 201. It should be noted that,although bushing 728 and nut 730 are shown separated from powerconversion unit housing 201 in this view, in practice 728 and 730 willbe permanently retained in said housing. Further, although the aperturein said housing is shown to be round, it will typically have a “D” shapeor other feature to prevent rotation of bushing 728 and thus preventrotation of nut 730. Also viewed in FIG. 7C is the Makita battery 706and spring loaded lock 706. Reference numeral 701C indicates a matingsurface which interengages surface 701B on the tool side connector shownin FIG. 7B.

FIG. 7D is a view 700D similar to FIG. 7B illustrating another one-piecefield changeable tool side connector 707/707A adapted and mounted to apower conversion unit 201. Platform 707A is similar to the previouslydiscussed platform 701A and is also preferably constructed of plastic orsome other polymeric or hard rubber material which is an electricalinsulator. Surface 707B mates with a Milwaukee 28 VDC lithium ionbattery depicted in FIG. 7E. FIG. 7E is an exploded illustration 700Esimilar to FIG. 7B illustrating a Milwaukee 28 VDC lithium ion battery712 ready to be coupled to a one-piece field changeable tool sideconnector adapted and mounted to the power conversion unit 201 set forthin FIG. 7D. FIG. 7F is an exploded illustration 700F of a powerconversion unit 201, a Milwaukee battery 712, and an adaptation of aone-piece field changeable tool side connector 707/707A to the powerconversion unit 201.

FIGS. 7-7F illustrate the situation of coupling a standard off the shelfcordless tool battery to a power conversion unit for the purpose ofusing a dual use battery to power a power conversion unit thus creatinga cordless power supply. As illustrated above, however, the standard offthe shelf cordless tool battery must be fitted to a tool side connectoradapter 701/701A or 707/707A which has been designed specifically forthe standard off the shelf cordless tool battery. Additionally, workpresently underway by other manufacturers on other cordless toolbatteries not yet in production are specifically within the scope of theinvention. The advantages of the one-piece field changeable tool sideconnector depicted in 7-7F include its relative simplicity, the factthat a user can change from one tool side connector to another thuslyadapting his power conversion unit for use with any electricallycompatible battery with relative ease, and the fact that the attachmentbolt pattern may be varied so that only tool side connectors compatiblewith batteries which in turn are compatible with a given powerconversion unit may be successfully attached to that power conversionunit.

Another aspect of the invention set forth below in drawing FIGS. 7G-7Kdiscloses the structure by way of example only for the use of atwo-piece quick changeable tool side connector system interposed betweenthe power conversion unit and the battery. Using any of the tool sideconnector strategies described herein above and below, users of standardoff the shelf batteries may now use them not only for their cordlesstool needs but also to supply their own power needs in the event ofpower outages, outdoor events, military needs in the field and the like.Frequently, a particular user of cordless tools will have batteries andtools made by several manufacturers. The two-piece quick changeable toolside connector system now described offers the most convenient andflexible way for the user to mix and match his different cordless toolbatteries to his power conversion unit.

FIG. 7G is an illustration 700G of a first standard coupling half 702 ofa two-piece quick changeable tool side connector system affixed to apower conversion unit 201. An enlarged slot 780 resides in the couplinghalf 702 and allows entrance to an enlarged head portion 789 ofconductor 721 (shown in FIG. 7K). Referring to Fig. K, conductor 721 issecured within the second standard coupling half 703. It should be notedfor second standard coupling half 703, the nomenclature standard refersto the side of the coupling that intermates with the first standardcoupling half 702, and that the tool side connector of the secondstandard coupling half that intermates with the battery will be specificto each battery type. Thus there will be a second standard coupling halftype for each cordless tool battery type and for each power conversionfamily type (perhaps only one type) compatible with that cordless toolbattery. All second standard coupling halves will have an electricalconductor in plate form 721 which extend through the second standardcoupling half protruding outwardly and terminating in an enlargedportion for mating with the first standard coupling half. In other wordsthe second standard coupling will be standard insofar as a plate 721being embedded within an insulator 703 and the plate will extend andprotrude from the second standard coupling half and will terminate in ahead 789. As stated above the fact that the plate 721—head 789combination are standardized, that 721 can be quickly mechanically andelectrically coupled with the first standard coupling half which in turnis mechanically and electrically coupled to the power conversion unit,and that the second standard coupling is available for any cordless toolbattery compatible with a given power conversion unit, means thetwo-piece quick changeable tool side connector system is the mostconvenient for users who have multiple types of cordless tool systemsand cordless tool batteries and would like to re-use their powerconversion unit(s) with any of these batteries. Ideally the user needpurchase just one power conversion unit and one second standard couplinghalf 703 for each battery type he would like to use.

Use of standard coupling halves 702, 703 enables the use of a singlepower conversion unit and multiple battery types. In the examples givenabove in regard to FIGS. 7-7F, power conversion units equipped withone-piece field changeable tool side connections must change over thetool side connector type by removing and reinstalling retaining screwsin order to use different types of off the shelf cordless tool batteriescompatible with their power conversion unit. The standard couplinghalves of the two-piece quick changeable tool side connector systemallow the user to quickly connect the second standard coupling halfspecific for a different battery to the first standard coupling halfaffixed to the power conversion unit, and then simply quickly connecthis different battery to the tool side connection of the second standardcoupling half so installed. Either the one-piece field changeable toolside connector or the two-piece quick changeable tool side connectorsystem is less costly than purchasing a specific, permanent tool sideconnector equipped power conversion unit for each battery type wheneverthe user has more than one type of battery to use. Although theone-piece field changeable tool side connector allows the user to usedifferent battery types by changing over the connector, the two-piecequick changeable tool side connector system allows this changeover ofconnectors to be easier and quicker. On the other hand, if the user doesnot need to vary the battery type used very often, the one-piece toolside connector may be a more economical approach.

One additional advantage of either the one-piece field changeable andtwo-piece quick changeable connector systems is that either may containcircuitry, in a way described for vehicle power adapters elsewhere,interposed between the battery and the power conversion unit, which mayprovide signal conditioning and or voltage step-up or step-downfunctions. In this way, the power conversion unit having a more narrowrange of input voltage capability, say 18 volt to 24 volt range, mightbe used with a 12 volt battery if whichever tool side connector is usedinterposes a 12 volt to 20 volt step up stage between the battery andthe power conversion unit. In the case of the one-piece field changeablesystem, such circuitry would exist physically within the connector body701A and would be interposed electrically in series with wire conductor723 (FIG. 7A). In the case of the two-piece quick changeable system,such circuitry would exist physically within the connector body 702 andwould be interposed electrically in series with wire conductor 723 (FIG.71).

In further description of the mechanism by which the first and secondstandard coupling halves of the two-piece quick changeable tool sideconnector system mechanically and electrically connect with one another,referring further to FIG. 7J, conductors 721/722 are embedded and heldwithin the second standard coupling half 703. Referring to FIG. 7K,enlarged head portions 789, 789A of plates 721, 722, respectively, areplaced within enlarged slots 780, 780A (FIG. 7G) respectively, andengaging clips 782, 782A and then they are urged under lips 781, 781Awhich prevent vertical extraction of the second standard coupling half703 therefrom. Additionally, clips 782, 782A are spring loaded andresist the movement of the enlarged heads back toward the enlarged slots780, 780A. Clips 782, 782A are electrically interconnected by conductor723 so as to provide electrical power to the electrical circuitry of thepower conversion unit (not shown).

The foregoing described mechanism by which first and second standardcoupling halves intermate represents one example only. It should beclear to those skilled in the art that many alternative mechanisms arepossible. For example, any mechanism currently in practice with cordlesstools, such mechanism serving to mechanically and electrically interlocka cordless tool with its cordless tool battery, could be re-utilized asa mechanism for interfacing the first and second standard couplinghalves themselves. Further although examples described herein utilizetwo power interconnection terminals in the coupling mechanism it shouldbe clear that three or more terminals may be included wheneveradvantageous or required. For example, existing cordless tool batteriesmay provide a third terminal connected to a temperature sensor withinthe battery and it may be advantageous to connect this temperaturesensor through the cordless power supply coupling mechanism to the powerconversion unit.

FIG. 7H is a schematic diagram 700H of a first standard coupling half702 affixed to a power conversion unit 201, a second standard couplinghalf 703 affixed to or integral with an adaptation of a tool sideconnection of a cordless tool or other appliance 704, and a battery sideconnection 705 of a cordless tool battery. The battery side connectionis mated with the tool side connection 704 and the first and secondstandard coupling halves 702, 703 are mated together.

FIG. 7I is a cross-sectional illustration 700I of a second standardcoupling half 703 affixed to the first standard coupling half 702 whichin turn is affixed using a method described elsewhere in detail for FIG.7A to the power conversion unit 201. Additionally, the tool sideconnection 704 is illustrated as being integral with the second standardcoupling half 703.

FIG. 7J is an exploded illustration 700J of a first standard couplinghalf 702 affixed to a power conversion unit 201, a second standardcoupling half 703 shown integral with a tool side connection half 704and a Makita battery 706 shown with battery connection side not visiblepositioned for engagement with the tool side connection half 704.

FIG. 7K is an exploded illustration 700K similar to the view depicted inFIG. 7J from another side of the invention. FIG. 7K illustrates thestandard coupling half 703 from another perspective. Conductors 721, 722and enlarged head portions 789, 789A are viewed as extending from theflat bottom surface (unnumbered) of second standard coupling half 703.Conductor 723 emanates from the bottom side of the first coupling half702 where it may be fed through the aperture as previously discussed forFIG. 7A above to supply power to the power conversion unit.

FIG. 7L depicts illustration 700L wherein the simplest form of tool sideconnector adaptation, the one where the tool side connector ispermanently affixed and integral with to the power conversion unit, isdepicted. In the example of FIG. 7L, the tool side connector for theMakita cordless tool battery 701 is molded integrally with the powerconversion unit housing 201. Contacts of the tool side connector 721,722 will electrically engage the battery when it is inserted. Detentdepression 761, also integral with the power conversion unit housing,will engage the battery locking mechanism 706A. FIG. 7M revealsillustration 700M which is a cross-sectional view indicating theintegral nature of tool side connector 701 and power conversion unithousing 201. In this view exemplary tool side electrical contact 721 maypass directly to the inside of power conversion unit housing where wireconductor 723 may be used to route current to the power inputs of theconversion unit (not shown). It will be apparent to those skilled in theart that many options exist for using various insulating and conductingmaterials in combination to mold or assemble the tool side connection ina way that permanently integrates it with the power conversion unithousing. The example shows one simple embodiment wherein the powerconversion unit housing and tool side connector body are made of amonolithic electrically insulating material and should not be consideredas limiting in light of many sensible alternative constructions.

FIG. 8 is an illustration 800 of a vehicle power adapter used forattachment to an automobile battery to be used for powering a powerconversion unit. In the illustration, conductive clips 430, 431 will becolor coded or otherwise labeled to identify their respective attachmentto the vehicle positive and negative battery terminals respectively.Cable conductors 206 in turn lead to a battery side connector adapter801. The battery side connector adapter may be chosen by the user tomimic one of the cordless tool batteries normally in use with the powerconversion unit. In this way, the user may substitute the vehicle powerwhen convenient for the cordless tool battery normally used with hiscordless power supply.

FIG. 8A showing illustration 800A is an alternative form of vehiclepower adapter, similar to the adapter 800 differing only in the vehicleside connector style. In this case, 800A uses a vehicle accessory powerplug (cigarette lighter style) 802 to connect with the vehicle powersystem via the mating socket. It will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that many different types of vehicle side connector optionsexist for various civilian and military, land, marine, or airbornevehicles. It is the intent of the present invention to include all suchvehicle power adapters having vehicle side connectors to mate with anyknown vehicle power system.

FIG. 7N is schematic diagram 700N of a field changeable tool sideconnector 701showing optional electrical adapting circuits 790. Theoptional electrical adapting circuits 790 include all circuits forconditioning or processing electric currents, voltages and signals, forexample, dc to dc conversion circuits and voltage regulator circuits ofany type or topology.

FIG. 7P is a schematic diagram of first 702 and second 703 standardcoupling halves showing optional electrical adapting circuits 790.

FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram 800B of battery side connector of vehiclepower adapter showing optional electrical adapting circuits.

As described above, it is possible that the vehicle power adapter 801,first 702 and second 703 coupling halves may include electrical adaptingcircuitry 790 to condition or provide voltage step-up or step-down aspart of its functions in adapting vehicle power to a given powerconversion unit. This electrical adapting circuitry 790 may bephysically placed anywhere along the vehicle power adapter, includingthe vehicle side connector body, as a separate module in series withcable 406, 421, etc., or the battery side connector body 801.

Also as described above, anywhere a power conversion unit with two ormore tool side connector inputs is used so that two or more batteriesmay be used concurrently for added power and energy, then two or morevehicle power adapters may be used for added power and energy. This maybe very beneficial when running higher power loads from severalcurrent-limited vehicle power adapters. Also, it is possible to usebatteries and vehicle power adapters in any combination with anycompatible multiple input power conversion unit. In this way certainpowered device loads that may require energy beyond what either vehiclepower or battery power could source alone might be accommodated.

FIG. 9 is an illustration 900 of the environment of one of the cordlesspower supplies mounted to a mast 902 for powering a signal transceiver903. Tripod 901 supports mast 902 atop which is mounted transceiver 903.The cordless power supply comprising power conversion unit 201 andbattery 712 supply power in conductor 904 to the transceiver 903.

List of Reference Numerals

-   100—illustration of a cordless power supply-   100A—illustration of cordless power supply charging a battery-   100B—illustration of a cordless power supply having two batteries-   101—power conversion unit-   102, 102A—battery-   103—appliance-   104—appliance power cord-   105—on/off switch-   106—alternating current outlet-   107—direct current outlet-   108—attachment of battery to power conversion unit-   109—direct current outlet, i.e., a USB port-   111—handle for the cordless power supply-   170—cord for supplying a battery charger-   171—battery charger-   200—illustration of cordless power supply with dual batteries-   200A—illustration of cordless power supply with single battery-   201—power conversion unit-   202, 202A, 203A—battery-   202L—spring loaded battery lock-   204—power supply cord for a laptop computer-   205—on/off switch-   206—alternating current outlet-   207—direct current outlet-   208—attachment of battery to power conversion unit-   209—direct current outlet, i.e., a USB port-   210—laptop computer-   211—handle for the cordless power supply-   300—illustration of cordless power supply charging a cell phone and    a laptop computer-   301—power cord for a cell phone-   302—cell phone-   400—illustration of a cordless power supply being powered by an    automobile battery and simultaneously charging a battery-   400A—illustration of a cordless power supply being powered by an    automotive accessory power outlet on the dash of an automobile-   401—automobile battery-   402—positive battery cable-   403—negative battery cable-   404—negative battery terminal-   405—positive battery terminal-   406—cable leading from the battery to the battery side connector    connected to power conversion unit 407-   407—power conversion unit-   408—battery side connector of vehicle power adapter-   409—cable interconnecting the power conversion unit 407 to the    charger-   410—charger-   411—battery-   420—dashboard-   421—electrical interconnection between outlet/receptacle 422B and    battery side connector of the vehicle power adapter-   421A—electrical interconnection between outlet/receptacle 422A and    battery side connector of the vehicle power adapter-   422A—first power outlet/receptacle on dash 420-   422B—second power outlet/receptacle on dash 420-   423—battery cable leading from the positive terminal to current    limiting device 440-   430—positive battery connector clamp of vehicle side connector of    vehicle power adapter-   431—negative battery connector clamp of vehicle side connector of    vehicle power adapter-   433—ground or common of overall vehicle electrical system-   440—current limiting devices in series with vehicle battery and    accessory power outlets-   441—electrical interconnection between current limiting device 440    and first direct current outlet/receptacle 422A on dashboard 420-   442—electrical interconnection between current limiting device 440    and second direct current outlet/receptacle 422B on dashboard 420-   500—illustration of an automobile battery supplying power to    outlets/receptacles on a dash board of an automobile which in turn    supplies power to a power conversion unit which in turn supplies    power to a charger-   501—power conversion unit of cordless power supply-   502—vehicle adapter battery side connector-   503—vehicle adapter battery side connector side connector-   600—illustration similar to the illustration denoted by reference    numeral 500 additionally supplying power to an MP3 player.-   604—electrical interconnection to IPOD, a registered trademark of    Apple Computer, Inc., 610-   610—IPOD, a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.,-   700—illustration of a power conversion unit with a one-piece field    changeable tool side connector affixed thereto-   700A—cross-sectional view of cordless power supply with one-piece    field changeable tool side connector-   700B—exploded view of the cordless power supply-   700C—exploded view of the cordless power supply-   700D—another illustration of a power conversion unit with a    one-piece field changeable tool side connector affixed thereto-   700E—exploded view of the cordless power supply-   700E—exploded view of the cordless power supply-   700G—perspective view of a power converter unit with first standard    coupling half of a two-piece quick changeable tool side connector    system affixed thereto-   700H—schematic diagram of the two-piece quick changeable tool side    connector system showing use of first and second standard coupling    halves to mate various batteries to a power conversion unit-   700I—cross-sectional view of first and second standard coupling    halves mated together-   700J—exploded perspective view of a power conversion unit, first    standard coupling half and second standard coupling half of the    two-piece quick changeable tool side connector system, and battery-   700K—exploded perspective view of a power conversion unit, first    standard coupling half and second standard coupling half of the    two-piece quick changeable tool side connector system, and battery-   700L power conversion unit with integral permanent tool side    connector-   700M—cross-sectional view of power conversion unit with integral    permanent tool side connector-   700N—schematic diagram of field changeable tool side connector    showing optional electrical adapting circuits-   700P—schematic diagram of first and second standard coupling halves    showing optional electrical adapting circuits-   701—body of one-piece field changeable tool side connector with    quick disconnect tool side coupling integral with platform 701A, or    body of permanent tool side connector housing integral with power    conversion unit housing 201-   701A—platform affixed to the power conversion unit 201-   701B—engaging surface adapted to receive a battery having a    corresponding surface-   701C—surface on battery 706 for interengaging surface 701B-   702—first standard coupling half-   703—second standard coupling half-   704—tool side coupling half which is affixed to the second standard    coupling half-   705—battery side coupling half-   706—battery pack-   706A—battery lock-   707—one-piece field changeable tool side connector with quick    disconnect tool side coupling integral with platform 707A-   707A—platform affixed to the power conversion unit 201-   707B—engaging surface adapted to receive a battery having a    corresponding surface-   707C—surface on battery 707C for interengaging surface 701B-   712—battery-   721—power interconnection-   722—power interconnection-   723—electrical conductor from contact 721 to conductive washer    contacting machine screw contacting conductive nut with wire lead to    power conversion unit input-   723A—electrical conductor from contact 722 to washer contacting    machine screw contacting conductive nut with wire lead to power    conversion unit input-   724—insulating cover-   725—head of electrically conductive screw-   726—conductive washer-   727—insulating boss of first standard coupling half-   727A—aperture in cover of power conversion unit 201-   728—captive insulating bushing-   728A—hexagonal socket in insulating bushing 728 for preventing    rotation of nut 730-   729—insulting boss on insulating bushing-   730—nut on machine screw 725-   731—wire conductor leading from conductive nut to power conversion    unit power input-   761—engaging depression for battery lock 706A-   780—enlarged opening in first standard coupling half 702-   780A—enlarged opening in first standard coupling half 702-   781—narrowed slot in first standard coupling half 702-   781A—narrowed slot in first standard coupling half 702-   782—spring-loaded retaining clip and electrical contact in first    standard coupling half-   782A—spring-loaded retaining clip and electrical contact in first    standard coupling half-   789—enlarged locking head of power interconnection 721-   789A—enlarged locking head of power interconnection 722-   790—electrical adapting circuits-   800—perspective view of direct battery connect type vehicle power    adapter-   800A—perspective view of accessory power outlet type vehicle power    adapter-   800B—schematic diagram of battery side connector of vehicle power    adapter showing optional electrical adapting circuits-   801—battery side connector of vehicle power adapter-   802—vehicle side connector of the cigarette lighter type of a    vehicle power adapter.-   900—view of one environment for using a cordless power supply-   901—tripod supporting a cordless power supply mounted on mast 902-   902—mast-   903—transceiver-   904—electrical connection for supplying power from the cordless    power supply to the transceiver

The invention has been set forth with particularity by way of example.Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that changes may be madeto the examples as shown without departing from the spirit and the scopeof the appended claims.

1. A cordless power supply comprising a power source and a powerconversion unit, said power source releasably coupled to said powerconversion unit with a quick disconnect fitting, said fitting comprisinga first coupling half affixed to said power conversion unit intermatablewith a second coupling half integral to said power source, said firstand second halves being coupled or uncoupled, said first coupling halfincluding second coupling half engaging surfaces and electricalconductors for communicating electrical power and/or information betweensaid second coupling half engaging surfaces and said power conversionunit, such that, when coupled, said first and second coupling halvesallow electrical power and/or information to be communicated betweensaid power conversion unit and said power source.
 2. A cordless powersupply as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first coupling halfselectively couples with one or more compatible power source types, eachof said types has a compatible second coupling half
 3. A cordless powersupply as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first coupling half is anintegral part of said power conversion unit.
 4. A cordless power supplyas claimed in claim 2 wherein said first coupling half is affixed tosaid power conversion unit by field removable fasteners allowing avariety of different styles of first coupling halves to be fieldinstalled to said power conversion unit.
 5. A cordless power supply asclaimed in claim 4 wherein said first coupling half and said powerconversion unit are interengageable with second coupling halves attachedto electrically compatible power source types.
 6. A cordless powersupply as claimed in claim 4, wherein one or more of said fasteners ismade of an electrically conductive material and electrically connectsone or more of said second coupling half engaging surfaces of said firstcoupling half with said power conversion unit, said fastenerssimultaneously mechanically and electrically connect said first couplinghalf, one or more second coupling half engaging surfaces of said firstcoupling half, and said power conversion unit.
 7. A cordless powersupply as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first coupling half comprisesa first standard coupling half and a second standard coupling half. saidfirst standard coupling half being affixed to said power conversionunit, said first standard coupling half having second standard couplinghalf engaging surfaces and electrical conductors for communicatingelectrical power and/or information between said second standardcoupling half engaging surfaces and said power conversion unit, saidsecond standard coupling half having a first connecting fixture allowingit to be mechanically and electrically coupled to and uncoupled fromsaid first standard coupling half and said power conversion unit, saidsecond standard coupling half having a second connecting fixtureproviding a tool side connection allowing it to be mechanically andelectrically coupled to and uncoupled from said second coupling half andsaid power source, said second standard coupling half having electricalconductors communicating electrical power and/or information betweensaid first and second connecting fixtures, said first standard couplinghalf, said power conversion unit, and said power source.
 8. A cordlesspower supply as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first coupling halfcomprises adapting circuitry interposed between said second couplinghalf engaging surfaces and said electrical conductors.
 9. A cordlesspower supply as claimed in claim 7 wherein said first standard couplinghalf comprises adapting circuitry interposed between said secondstandard coupling half engaging surfaces and said electrical conductors.10. A cordless power supply as claimed in claim 7 wherein said secondstandard coupling half comprises adapting circuitry interposed betweensaid first and second connecting fixtures.
 11. A cordless power supplyas claimed in claim 1 wherein said power source is a cordless toolbattery pack.
 12. A cordless power supply as claimed in claim 1 whereinsaid power source is a power adapter comprising a second coupling halfcompatible with said first coupling half, an electrical cable, saidcable connects to a second power source and conveys electrical powerand/or information from said second power source to said second couplinghalf, said first coupling half, and said power conversion unit.
 13. Acordless power supply as claimed in claim 12 wherein said power adaptercomprises power adapting circuitry interposed between said electricalcable and said second coupling half.
 14. A power adapter comprising abattery side connector releasably coupled to the tool side connector ofa power tool, an electrical cable, said cable connects to a second powersource and conveys electrical power and/or information from said secondpower source to said battery side connector, said tool side connector,and said power tool.
 15. A power adapter as claimed in claim 14 whereinadapting circuitry is interposed between said electrical cable and saidbattery side connector.
 16. A process for coupling a power source to apower conversion unit comprising the steps of: mounting a first couplinghalf to said power conversion unit; establishing electricalcommunication between said first coupling half and said power conversionunit; and, coupling the second coupling half of a power source to saidfirst coupling half establishing electrical communication between saidfirst coupling half, said second coupling half, said power source, andsaid power conversion unit.
 17. A process for coupling a power source toa power conversion unit as claimed in claim 16 wherein the steps ofmounting a first coupling half to said power conversion unit andestablishing electrical communication between said first coupling halfand said power conversion unit further comprises the steps of: mountinga first standard coupling half to said power conversion unit;establishing electrical communication between said first standardcoupling half and said power conversion unit; and, coupling a secondstandard coupling half to said first standard coupling half establishingelectrical communication between said first and second standard couplinghalves, the combination of said first and second standard couplinghalves function together as said first coupling half
 18. A process forcoupling a power source to a power conversion unit as claimed in claim16 further comprising the steps of: removing said first coupling halffrom said power conversion unit and re-mounting another first couplinghalf to said power conversion unit.
 19. A process for coupling a powersource to a power conversion unit as claimed in claim 16 wherein saidpower source is a cordless tool battery.
 20. A process for coupling apower source to a power conversion unit as claimed in claim 16 whereinsaid power source is a power adapter comprising a second coupling halfcompatible with said first coupling half, an electrical cable, saidcable connects to a second power source and conveys electrical powerand/or information from said second power source to said second couplinghalf, said first coupling half, and said power conversion unit.